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by JuliannaKunstler.com

Line as an Element of Art

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Notes:

line as an element of art

Line is a path of a moving point

it is the most basic or fundamental visual element of art.

It is a starting place for most art creations.

There is an endless number of lines that you see and use in art.

Types of Line

line as an element of art

But, technically speaking, there are only two types:
straight and curved

line as an element of art

The rest of them are combinations or variations of these two types.

Styles of Line

styles of line

When it comes to line styles, you can group them into
4 style categories:

1. A solid, or continuous line.

styles of line

2. All kinds of Interrupted or broken lines:

dashed lines, dotted lines, footprints or tire marks - they all would fit in that category.

styles of line

3. Implied lines are the lines you assume.
These lines are not actually drawn,
but you can see them as a border between other elements …
or a sudden change in their characteristics

A good example would be a horizon line.

styles of line

4. Psychological lines are the lines that are not physically present.
You cannot see them.
They are generated by our minds based on other subjects.

If used properly, they guide viewer’s eyes and attention to where an artist wants them.
Very powerful tool.
Used in compositions and graphic design

styles of line

Here are the 4 styles again

Using Line

line as an element of art

We use line in all art creations at some point or in some degree.
Here are just a few examples.

Line is used for sketching, gesture and contour drawing.

You can create an image with just one line, or make it complex and detailed.

Line can be used as the only element in an artwork.
Here are some examples of line drawings by Pablo Picasso and Edgar Degas.

line contour drawing

Pablo Picasso
Portrait of Igor Stravinsky
1920
Picasso Museum, Paris

line shetching

Edgar Degas
Ballet Dancers Rehearsing
about 1877
The J. Paul Getty Museum

line as an element of art

Lines define objects in space.
Use line to outline shapes or draw a composition layout before painting.

m c escher

M.C. Escher
Drawing Hands
1948
Art Institute of Chicago

braque

Georges Braque
Still Life with Apples
c. 1934
Art Institute of Chicago

sketching

Narcisse-Virgile Diaz de la Peña
Two studies for a figure composition
1820–76
Metropolitan Museum

drawing

Henri Lehmann
Composition Study
19th century
Metropolitan Museum

line as an element of art

All shading techniques are based on the use of lines.

Whether straight strokes are used, or curved ones, parallel marks or cross-hatching,
They are all using some kind of line drawing.
You can use longer strokes for sketching
Or a variation of strokes to show depth, tonal value, and texture.

strokes
shading

Antoine Watteau
Head of a Man
ca. 1718
Metropolitan Museum

drawing

Jean Honoré Fragonard
A Gathering at Wood's Edge
ca. 1770–73
Metropolitan Museum

line as an element of art

In addition to shading techniques, line can be used alone as an element to add depth in an artwork.

Manipulating a line: bending it, changing its thickness, you can achieve an illusion of 3-dimensional objects and space.
See how lines wrap around the forms to support the folds adding value and space at the same time.
… and around every facial detail in this portrait of Durer
Etchings, engravings, and other print media would be a good example of this technique.

drawing

Monogrammist G.Z.
Standing Madonna in Mourning
1520
Metropolitan Museum

drawing

Attributed to Erhard Schön
Portrait of Albrecht Dürer
ca. 1538
Metropolitan Museum

durer

Albrecht Dürer
Saint Jerome in His Study
1514
Metropolitan Museum

line as an element of art

Line is your greatest support tool.

Lines assist you in:

  • Drawing using the grid method
  • Constructing forms and objects by using temporary structure lines
  • Working with linear perspective

Grid method is a traditional way to transfer or scale images.


You go through a process of building forms using layout marks, axis lines for symmetrical shapes and surfaces, invisible or “behind” structural lines, and other supporting elements.

Receding lines are the key to building a linear perspective.
You cannot draw a realistic picture without using them.

drawing grid

Victor-François-Eloi Biennourry
Study of a Soldier
1851–52
Metropolitan Museum

pencil drawing

Julianna Kunstler
Study
2020
.

perspective drawing

Augustin Braun
Three Scenes of the Assassination of Clerics
late 16th–mid-17th century
Metropolitan Museum

line as an element of art

Of course we use line to decorate.
From simple and elegant patterns to heavily embellished and complex.

Graphic designers use line in their work to decorate, lead the eye, emphasize, organize, and add structure.

pottery

Jean Dunand
Vase
c. 1925
Art Institute of Chicago

mandala

Albrecht Dürer
Embroidery Pattern
1521 before
Metropolitan Museum

design

Design by Day
Poster
2010
https://www.designbyday.co.uk

line as an element of art

Abstract designs and drawings is another common use of line element.
OpArt is a good example.

You can probably come up with more line uses.
Think about it….

line as an element of art

Henry Pearson
Gyros III
1965
Metropolitan Museum

line as an element of art

Julianna Kunstler
Design
2013
.

opart

Victor Vasarely
Sir-Ris
ca. 1957
Milwaukee Art Museum

Emotional qualities of Line

line as an element of art

Believe it or not, but lines have feelings!
By changing the way you draw or shade, you can change the meaning and the message of your artwork.
There are certain ways our brain processes and interprets what we see.
Look for yourself.

line as an element of art

Horizontal lines are generally look quiet and calm.
They suggest some space and distance in an artwork.

line as an element of art

Vertical lines, on the other hand, give an impression of height and balance, support and strength.

line as an element of art

Curves are special!
They are very comforting, comparing with straight lines.
They are elegant and graceful.
So if you want to add some ease to your work - use curves.

line as an element of art

Here is a line that creates all kind of energy.
Zigzags can suggest an anxiety and confusion, or an excitement and energy.
It’s all in the context.

line as an element of art

Parallel lines, especially if they are angled, give an impression of speed and movement.

line as an element of art

Slanted lines are also full of energy.
They support movement and action in an artwork
They can also emphasize and lead viewer’s eye to a specific spot in a picture.

 

Overall, the quality and characteristics of lines that you use, contribute to the mood of your artwork.
Use lines meaningfully and responsibly :)).

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